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Analytic Essay Forum |
1 University of California, San Diego, Naval Health Research Center
2 Weill Cornell Medical College
3 Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey
4 University of California, San Diego Naval Health Research Center
5 Boston Universtiy School of Medicine, Boston, MA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: garlandc{at}nhrc.navy.mil.
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Abstract |
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Vitamin D status differs by latitude and race, with residents of the northeastern United States and individuals with more skin pigmentation being at increased risk of deficiency. A PubMed database search yielded 63 observational studies of vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk, including 30 of colon, 13 of breast, 26 of prostate, and 7 of ovarian cancer, and several that assessed the association of vitamin D receptor genotype with cancer risk.
The majority of studies found a protective relationship between sufficient vitamin D status and lower risk of cancer. The evidence suggests that efforts to improve vitamin D status, for example by vitamin D supplementation, could reduce cancer incidence and mortality at low cost, with few or no adverse effects.
Key Words: Cancer, Epidemiology, Genetics, Public Health Practice, Race/Ethnicity
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