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Ralph V. Katz, DMD, PhD, MPH, S. Stephen Kegeles, PhD, Nancy R. Kressin, PhD, B. Lee Green, PhD, Sherman A. James, PhD, Min Qi Wang, PhD, Stefanie L. Russell, DDS, PhD, MPH and Cristina Claudio, PhD

Ralph V. Katz is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York. At the time of the study, S. Stephen Kegeles was with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington. Nancy R. Kressin is with the Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Mass, and the Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, Mass. B. Lee Green is with the Office of Institutional Diversity, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Fla. Sherman A. James is with the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, and the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham. Min Qi Wang is with the Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park. Stefanie L. Russell is with the Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York. Cristina Claudio is with the University of Puerto Rico School of Dentistry, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Ralph V. Katz, DMD, MPH, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, 345 E 24th St, MC-9416, New York, NY 10010 (e-mail: ralph.katz{at}nyu.edu).

Objectives. We compared the influence of awareness of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the presidential apology for that study on the willingness of Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanics to participate in biomedical research.

Methods. The Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire was administered to 1133 adults in 4 US cities. This 60-item questionnaire addressed issues related to the recruitment of minorities into biomedical studies.

Results. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that, compared with Whites, Blacks were nearly 4 times as likely to have heard of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, more than twice as likely to have correctly named Clinton as the president who made the apology, and 2 to 3 times more likely to have been willing to participate in biomedical studies despite having heard about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (odds ratio [OR]=2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4, 6.2) or the presidential apology (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.4, 3.9).

Conclusions. These marked differences likely reflect the cultural reality in the Black community, which has been accustomed to increased risks in many activities. For Whites, this type of information may have been more shocking and at odds with their expectations and, thus, led to a stronger negative impact.