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Martina Morris, PhD, Mark S. Handcock, PhD, William C. Miller, MD, PhD, Carol A. Ford, MD, John L. Schmitz, PhD, Marcia M. Hobbs, PhD, Myron S. Cohen, MD, Kathleen M. Harris, PhD and J. Richard Udry, PhD

Martina Morris and Mark S. Handcock are with the Departments of Sociology and Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle. William C. Miller and Myron S. Cohen are with the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Carol A. Ford, John L. Schmitz, and Marcia M. Hobbs are with the School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kathleen M. Harris is with the Sociology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. J. Richard Udry is with the Sociology Department and the School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Martina Morris, PhD, Department of Sociology, Box 353340, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125 (e-mail: morrism{at}u.washington.edu).

Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence rates among young adults in the United States.

Methods. We used survey data from the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a random sample of nearly 19000 young adults initiated in 1994–1995. Consenting respondents were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in oral mucosal transudate specimens. We calculated prevalence rates, accounting for survey design, response rates, and test performance.

Results. Among the 13184 participants, the HIV prevalence rate was 1.0 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 1.7). Gender-specific prevalence rates were similar, but rates differed markedly between non-Hispanic Blacks (4.9 per 1000; 95% CI=1.8, 8.7) and members of other racial/ethnic groups (0.22 per 1000; 95% CI=0.00, 0.64).

Conclusions. Racial disparities in HIV in the United States are established early in the life span, and our data suggest that 15% to 30% of all cases of HIV occur among individuals younger than 25 years.

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