On the Classification of Population Health Measurements
Ian McDowell, PhD,
Robert A. Spasoff, MD and
Betsy Kristjansson, PhD
Ian McDowell, Robert A. Spasoff, and Betsy Kristjansson are with the Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine and Institute for Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario.

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FIGURE 1 Sequential presentation of applications of population health measurements, with illustrations of the fields of research for which each application (or blend of applications) is suited.
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FIGURE 2 The correspondence between population health measures and types of intervention to enhance health. Interventions may be directed at several levels (shown in the ellipses), and these correspond broadly to stages in the etiologic sequence (shown at the left of the diagram) and Morgensterns classification of population health indicators17 (shown at the right).
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Public Health Association