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Smoking and Ill Health: Does Lay Epidemiology Explain the Failure of Smoking Cessation Programs Among Deprived Populations?

Debbie A Lawlor, MPH, MB, ChB, Stephen Frankel, DM, PhD, Mary Shaw, PhD, MA, Shah Ebrahim, DM, MSc and George Davey Smith, DSc, MD

The authors are with the Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.



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  		FIGURE 1— —Smoking prevalence among UK men 16 years and older, by social class, 1948–1999.24,25

 


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  		FIGURE 2— —Age-standardized all-cause mortality, men from England and Wales aged 20–64 years, by social class: 1931–1991.26–31

 




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