The SocialEnvironmental Context of Violent Behavior in Persons Treated for Severe Mental Illness
Jeffrey W. Swanson, PhD,
Marvin S. Swartz, MD,
Susan M. Essock, PhD,
Fred C. Osher, MD,
H. Ryan Wagner, PhD,
Lisa A. Goodman, PhD,
Stanley D. Rosenberg, PhD and
Keith G. Meador, MD
Jeffrey W. Swanson, Marvin S. Swartz, and H . Ryan Wagner are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Susan M. Essock is with the Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs New York Healthcare System, New York, NY. Fred C. Osher is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. Lisa A. Goodman is with the Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, Mass, and the Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park. Stanley D. Rosenberg is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH. Keith G. Meador is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC.

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FIGURE 1— Predicted probability of serious violent behavior in persons with serious mental illness by combined risk factors, controlling for significant covariates in a logistic regression model (n = 802).
Note. Risk factors are as follows: N = none; S = substance abuse; V = violent victimization history; E = exposure to violence in current environment.
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Copyright © 2002 by the American Public Health Association