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August 2003, Vol 93, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1245
© 2003 American Public Health Association

IMAGES OF HEALTH

Buried in Mud, Digging for Gold

Elizabeth Fee and Theodore M. Brown

Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Theodore M. Brown is with the Departments of History and of Community and Preventive Medicine at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Elizabeth Fee, PhD, Building 38, Room 1E21, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 (e-mail: elizabeth_fee@nlm.nih.gov).

Because this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

CAPTURED IN THIS DRAMATIC 1986 photograph, some 50 000 workers toil in the Serra Pelada open-top gold mine in the Amazon region of Brazil. The garimpeiros, or diggers, scratch through the soil at the bottom of the open pit, fill it into sacks each weighing between 65 and 130 pounds, and then carry the sacks up some 1300 feet of wood and rope ladders to the top of the mine, where it is sifted for gold. Because they work in mud, the gold diggers are called "mud hogs."1(19) The workers are paid an average of 20 cents for digging . . . [Full Text]




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