Sam S. Kim ^1*, Jemima A. Frimpong ², Patrick A. Rivers ³, Jennie J. Kronenfeld ¹

¹ Arizona State University
² University of Pennsylvania
³ Southern Illinois University

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sam.s.kim{at}asu.edu.

	Abstract

Objectives. We examined the effects of maternal and provider characteristics on the up-to-date immunization status of children. Methods. We used data from the 2003 National Immunization Survey to determine variations in children’s up-to-date status in the 4:3:1:3 immunization series. Results. Lower maternal educational levels and low socioeconomic status were associated with higher 4:3:1:3 series completion rates. Also, completion rates were higher in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black families with low income-to-poverty ratios. Conclusions. We found that children of less educated mothers and children in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black families with low income-to-poverty ratios were more likely to have completed the 4:3:1:3 series. Although the reasons for these results need further exploration in other data sets, possible factors are Hispanics’ positive cultural attitudes regarding the needs and importance of young children and provision of information on immunizations to low-income minority mothers who access government-subsidized health care programs.

Key Words: Immunization/Vaccines, Maternal and Infant Health, Socioeconomic Factors

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