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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Jun 12, 2008
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August 2008, Vol 98, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1366-1371
© 2008 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.124537

RESEARCH INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Adverse Event Detection in Drug Development: Recommendations and Obligations Beyond Phase 3

Jesse A. Berlin, ScD, Susan C. Glasser, PhD and Susan S. Ellenberg, PhD

Jesse A. Berlin and Susan C. Glasser are with Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ. Susan S. Ellenberg is with the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Jesse A. Berlin, ScD, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Rd, PO Box 200, Mail Stop K-304, Titusville, NJ 08560 (e-mail: jberlin{at}prdus.jnj.com).

ABSTRACT

Premarketing studies of drugs, although large enough to demonstrate efficacy and detect common adverse events, cannot reliably detect an increased incidence of rare adverse events or events with significant latency. For most drugs, only about 500 to 3000 participants are studied, for relatively short durations, before a drug is marketed. Systems for assessment of postmarketing adverse events include spontaneous reports, computerized claims or medical record databases, and formal postmarketing studies.

We briefly review the strengths and limitations of each. Postmarketing surveillance is essential for developing a full understanding of the balance between benefits and adverse effects. More work is needed in analysis of data from spontaneous reports of adverse effects and automated databases, design of ad hoc studies, and design of economically feasible large randomized studies.






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