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Loretta Sweet Jemmott, PhD, John B. Jemmott, III, PhD and Ann O’Leary, PhD

Loretta Sweet Jemmott is with the School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. John B. Jemmott III is with the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Ann O’Leary is with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Loretta Sweet Jemmott, University of Pennsylvania—SON, Center for Health Disparities Research, 239 Nursing Education Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096 (e-mail: jemmott{at}nursing.upenn.edu).

Objectives. We tested the efficacy of brief HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk-reduction interventions for African American women in primary care settings.

Methods. In a randomized controlled trial, 564 African American women recruited at a Newark, NJ, inner-city women’s health clinic were assigned to a 20-minute one-on-one HIV/STD behavioral skill-building intervention, 200-minute group HIV/STD behavioral skill-building intervention, 20-minute one-on-one HIV/STD information intervention, 200-minute group HIV/STD information intervention, or 200-minute health intervention control group. Primary outcomes were self-reported sexual behaviors in the previous 3 months; secondary outcome was STD incidence.

Results. At 12-month follow-up, participants in the skill-building interventions reported less unprotected sexual intercourse than did participants in the information interventions (Cohen’s d [d]=0.23, P=.02), reported a greater proportion of protected sexual intercourse than did information intervention participants (d=0.21, P=.05) and control participants (d=0.24, P=.03), and were less likely to test positive for an STD than were control participants (d=0.20, P=.03).

Conclusions. This study suggests that brief single-session, one-on-one or group skill-building interventions may reduce HIV/STD risk behaviors and STD morbidity among inner-city African American women in primary care settings.

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