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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Aug 29, 2007
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97/10/1762    most recent
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October 2007, Vol 97, No. 10 | American Journal of Public Health 1762-1774
© 2007 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096263

FRAMING HEALTH MATTERS

The Utilization of Testing and Counseling for HIV: A Review of the Social and Behavioral Evidence

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, DSc and Michelle Osborn, MA, MPH

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer is with the Department of HIV, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Michelle Osborn is with the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Oxford University, Oxford, England.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, DSc, Department of HIV, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland (e-mail: obermeyerc{at}who.int).

Against the background of debates about expanding HIV testing and counseling, we summarize the evidence on the social and behavioral dimension of testing and its implications for programs.

The discrepancy between acceptance of testing and returning for results and the difficulties of disclosure are examined in light of research on risk perceptions and the influence of gender and stigma. We also summarize the evidence on the provision of testing and counseling, the implementation of practices regarding confidentiality and consent, and the results of interventions.

We demonstrate that social factors have a considerable impact on testing, show that the services linked to testing are key determinants of utilization, and consider the implications of these findings for HIV testing programs.




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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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