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Gina M. Wingood, MPH, ScD, Ralph J. DiClemente, PhD, Kathy F. Harrington, MPH, MAEd, Delia L. Lang, PhD, MPH, Susan L. Davies, PhD, MEd, Edward W. Hook, III, MD, M. Kim Oh, MD and James W. Hardin, PhD

Gina M. Wingood is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, the Emory Center for AIDS Research, and the Department of Women’s Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Ralph J. DiClemente is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, the Emory Center for AIDS Research, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine. Kathy F. Harrington and M. Kim Oh are with the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama. Delia L. Lang is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Emory Center for AIDS Research. Susan L. Davies is with the Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama. Edward W. Hook III is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama. James W. Hardin is with the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Gina M. Wingood, MPH, ScD, 4279 Roswell Rd, Suite 102-256, Atlanta, GA 30342 (e-mail: gwingoo{at}sph.emory.edu).

Objectives. We examined the efficacy of an HIV prevention intervention among African American female adolescents reporting a history of gender-based violence.

Methods. In this analysis of a subgroup of participants involved in a randomized controlled trial, consistent condom use, psychosocial mediators associated with HIV-preventive behaviors, and presence of sexually transmitted diseases were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The intervention emphasized ethnic and gender pride, HIV knowledge, condom attitudes, healthy relationships, communication, and condom use skills.

Results. Relative to the comparison condition, participants randomized to the intervention reported using condoms more consistently, had fewer episodes of unprotected vaginal sex, engaged in a greater proportion of protected intercourse acts, were more likely to have used a condom during their most recent intercourse, were less likely to have a new sexual partner, were less likely to have a sexually transmitted disease, and demonstrated more proficient condom skills.

Conclusions. Given the substantial prevalence of gender-based violence among female adolescents and the associations observed between gender-based violence, HIV risk, and HIV infection, it is essential that HIV interventions involving young women address partner violence.

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