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Sonam Dolma, MA, Sonal Singh, MD, Lynne Lohfeld, PhD, James J. Orbinski, MD, MA and Edward J. Mills, PhD, MSc

Sonam Dolma is with the Department of Political Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario. Sonal Singh is with the Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC. Lynne Lohfeld is with the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. James J. Orbinski is with St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto. Edward J. Mills is with the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, and the Centre for International Human Rights Law, Oxford University, Oxford, England.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Edward J. Mills, PhD, MSc, McMaster University, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, HSC-2C12, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada (e-mail: millsej{at}mcmaster.ca).

Objectives. Since the 1950 invasion of Tibet by China, Tibetan refugees have attempted to flee into Nepal over the Himalayan mountains. We documented the experiences of a group of refugees making this journey.

Methods. We conducted semistructured interviews with 50 recent refugees at the Tibetan Refugee Transit Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Results. Participants ranged in age from 8 to 56 years, and 21 were female. The average length of their journey from Tibet to Nepal was 34 days. During their journey, a majority of the refugees encountered authorities or became involved in altercations with Nepali Maoist groups. Most of these interactions resulted in extortion and threats of expulsion. Several Tibetans were tortured, beaten with weapons, threatened with being shot, and robbed. Three women were sexually assaulted at gunpoint.

Conclusions. The refugees who took part in this study experienced physical and mental hardships and, often, human rights abuses on their journey to Nepal. International pressure is needed to prevent human rights violations and reduce potential long-term physical and mental health effects associated with this dangerous crossing.

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