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July 2005, Vol 95, No. S1 | American Journal of Public Health S121-S128
© 2005 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.044735


PUBLIC HEALTH MATTERS

Scientific Inferences in the Laboratory and the Law

Carl Cranor, PhD

The author is with the University of California, Riverside.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Carl Cranor, PhD, Department of Philosophy, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521 (e-mail: carl.cranor{at}ucr.edu).

Following the Supreme Court’s Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc decision, courts have struggled in reviewing scientific evidence and appear to have appreciated insufficiently the nature of scientific reasoning. To assist their evidentiary reviews, courts need to appreciate both scientific complexity and ignorance about human toxicity caused by the universe of chemical substances.

Conscientious, well-motivated, respectable experts can come to different conclusions about scientific evidence without making obvious mistakes and without being charlatans. So that justice is done between parties, courts need to allow for reasonable scientific disagreement to avoid excluding from trials respectable experts and all relevant scientific evidence.

The public health community can assist courts to understand ranges of scientific evidence and to recognize the reasonableness of scientific disagreements.




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