HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: AJPH.2004.045039v1 95/6/1003    most recent Submit a response Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (11) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sorensen, G. Articles by Pednekar, M. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Sorensen, G. Articles by Pednekar, M. S. Related Collections Tobacco Control Socioeconomic Factors Other Tobacco Smoking Cessation Women's Health

Glorian Sorensen, PhD, MPH, Prakash C. Gupta, DSc, FACE and Mangesh S. Pednekar, MSc

Glorian Sorensen is with the Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. At the time of this study, Prakash C. Gupta was with the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India; Mangesh S. Pednekar was with the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Glorian Sorensen, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: glorian_sorensen{at}dfci.harvard.edu).

Objectives. We assessed social disparities in the prevalence of overall tobacco use, smoking, and smokeless tobacco use in Mumbai, India, by examining occupation-, education-, and gender-specific patterns.

Methods. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted between 1992 and 1994 as the baseline for the Mumbai Cohort Study (n=81837).

Results. Odds ratios (ORs) for overall tobacco use according to education level (after adjustment for age and occupation) showed a strong gradient; risks were higher among illiterate participants (male OR = 7.38, female OR = 20.95) than among college educated participants. After age and education had been controlled, odds of tobacco use were also significant according to occupation; unskilled male workers (OR = 1.66), male service workers (OR = 1.32), and unemployed individuals (male OR = 1.84, female OR = 1.95) were more at risk than professionals. The steepest education- and occupation-specific gradients were observed among male bidi smokers and female smokeless tobacco users.

Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that education and occupation have important simultaneous and independent relationships with tobacco use that require attention from policymakers and researchers alike.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. E Gilman, L. T Martin, D. B Abrams, I. Kawachi, L. Kubzansky, E. B Loucks, R. Rende, R. Rudd, and S. L Buka Educational attainment and cigarette smoking: a causal association? Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2008; 37(3): 615 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Greaves and E. Tungohan Engendering tobacco control: using an international public health treaty to reduce smoking and empower women Tob. Control, June 1, 2007; 16(3): 148 - 150. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Siahpush, M. Wakefield, M. Spittal, and S. Durkin Antismoking television advertising and socioeconomic variations in calls to Quitline J. Epidemiol. Community Health, April 1, 2007; 61(4): 298 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Siahpush, R. Borland, and H.-H. Yong Sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of smoking-induced deprivation and its effect on quitting: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey Tob. Control, April 1, 2007; 16(2): e2 - e2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. C. Pampel Global Patterns and Determinants of Sex Differences in Smoking International Journal of Comparative Sociology, December 1, 2006; 47(6): 466 - 487. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. G. Ramirez, L. F. Velez, P. Chalela, J. Grussendorf, and A. L. McAlister Tobacco Control Policy Advocacy Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Among Ethnically Diverse High School Students Health Educ Behav, August 1, 2006; 33(4): 502 - 514. [Abstract] [PDF]