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Joseph Westermeyer, MD, PhD, MPH, Jose Canive, MD, Judith Garrard, PhD, Paul Thuras, PhD and James Thompson, MD, MPH

At the time of the study, Joseph Westermeyer was with Mental Health Services and Psychiatry, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Jose Canive was with Clinical Research, Mental Health Services, Albuquerque VA Medical Center, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Judith Garrard was with the School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Paul Thuras was with the Minneapolis VA Medical Center and with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota. James Thompson was with the Department of Education, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, and is a member of the Delaware Tribe of Oklahoma.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Joseph Westermeyer, Mental Health Service, 116A, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 (e-mail: joseph.westermeyer{at}med.va.gov).

Objectives. We examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of pathological gambling among 1228 American Indian and Hispanic American veterans in the southwest and north central regions of the United States.

Methods. We surveyed a community sample of American Indian and Hispanic American veterans to obtain data on psychiatric disorder and treatment.

Results. American Indian veterans had a 10% lifetime prevalence of pathological gambling. The Hispanic American lifetime prevalence was less than that of the American Indian veterans but higher than the prevalence found for Hispanic American veterans in other surveys. Comorbid conditions associated with pathological gambling included substance, mood, and antisocial personality disorders. Ready access to casino gambling may encourage, support, or contribute to high rates of pathological gambling in both men and women.

Conclusions. A 70% lifetime comorbidity of psychiatric disorders suggests that early interventions for pathological gambling should consider common psychiatric conditions rather than focusing on pathological gambling alone.

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