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March 2005, Vol 95, No. 3 | American Journal of Public Health 496-501
© 2005 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.033274

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Common Mental Disorders Among Workers: Findings From the EMPIRIC Study of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom

Kamaldeep Bhui, MD, Stephen Stansfeld, PhD, Kwame McKenzie, MRCPsych, Saffron Karlsen, MSc, James Nazroo, PhD and Scott Weich, MD

Kamaldeep Bhui and Stephen Stansfeld are with the Centre for Psychiatry, Barts, and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, England. Kwame McKenzie is with the Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free and University College London School of Medicine, University of London. Saffron Karlsen and James Nazroo are with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, University of London. Scott Weich is with the Department of Psychiatry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, England.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Kamaldeep Bhui, MD, Centre for Psychiatry, Barts, and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (e-mail: k.s.bhui{at}qmul.ac.uk).

Objectives. We measured perceived discrimination and its association with common mental disorders among workers in the United Kingdom.

Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national sample of 6 ethnic groups (n=2054). Discrimination was measured as reports of insults; unfair treatment at work; or job denial stemming from race, religion, or language. The outcome assessed was presence of common mental disorders.

Results. The risk of mental disorders was highest among ethnic minority individuals reporting unfair treatment (odds ratio [OR]=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2, 3.2) and racial insults (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.4, 3.6). The overall greatest risks were observed among Black Caribbeans exposed to unfair treatment at work (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.2, 7.3) and Indian (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.4, 7.2), Bangladeshi (OR=32.9; 95% CI=2.5, 436.0), and Irish (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.1, 7.6) individuals reporting insults.

Conclusions. Racial/ethnic discrimination shows strong associations with common mental disorders.




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