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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Oct 27, 2005
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December 2005, Vol 95, No. 12 | American Journal of Public Health 2161-2168
© 2005 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668

RACE, GENETICS, AND HEALTH DISPARITIES

Latino Populations: A Unique Opportunity for the Study of Race, Genetics, and Social Environment in Epidemiological Research

Esteban González Burchard, MD, Luisa N. Borrell, DDS, PhD, Shweta Choudhry, PhD, Mariam Naqvi, BS, Hui-Ju Tsai, PhD, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, MD, Rocio Chapela, MD, Scott D. Rogers, MPH, Rui Mei, PhD, William Rodriguez-Cintron, MD, Jose F. Arena, MD, PhD, Rick Kittles, PhD, Eliseo J. Perez-Stable, MD, Elad Ziv, MD and Neil Risch, PhD

Esteban González Burchard is with the Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. González Burchard, Shweta Choudhry, Mariam Naqvi, Hui-Ju Tsai, Elad Ziv, and Neil Risch are with the Center for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco. González Burchard, Eliseo Perez-Stable, and Ziv are also with the Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, University of California, San Francisco. Luisa N. Borrell is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY. Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana is with the Pediatric Pulmonary Program of San Juan, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Rocio Chapela is with the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico. Scott D. Rogers and Jose F. Arena are with the Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. Rui Mei is with Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, Calif. William Rodriguez-Cintron is with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan. Rick Kittles is with Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus. Neil Risch, is with the Department of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, Calif.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Esteban González Burchard, MD, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0833 (e-mail: esteban{at}sfgh.ucsf.edu).

Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States. Although usually classified as a single ethnic group by researchers, Latinos are heterogeneous from cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic perspectives.

From a cultural and social perspective, Latinos represent a wide variety of national origins and ethnic and cultural groups, with a full spectrum of social class. From a genetic perspective, Latinos are descended from indigenous American, European, and African populations.

We review the historical events that led to the formation of contemporary Latino populations and use results from recent genetic and clinical studies to illustrate the unique opportunity Latino groups offer for studying the interaction between racial, genetic, and environmental contributions to disease occurrence and drug response.




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