HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: AJPH.2004.061424v1 95/10/1767    most recent Submit a response View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (6) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Foster, E. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Foster, E. M. Related Collections Injury/Emergency Care/Violence Mental Health Other Child and Adolescent Health

E. Michael Foster, PhD, Damon E. Jones, PhD and and The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group

At the time of the study, E. Michael Foster was with the Methodology Center at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Damon Jones is with the Methodology Center at Pennsylvania State University.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Edward Michael Foster, 116 Henderson Bldg, University Park, PA 16802-6500 (e-mail: foster{at}pop.psu.edu).

Objectives. We explored the economic implications of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents in 4 poor communities in the United States. We examined a range of expenditures related to this disorder across multiple public sectors, including mental health, general health, school, and juvenile justice.

Methods. We used self- and parental-report data to estimate expenditures during a 7-year period in late adolescence of a sample of youths. We contrasted expenditures for youths with CD and youths with oppositional defiant disorder, elevated symptoms (no CD diagnosis), and all others. Diagnosis was determined with a structured assessment.

Results. Additional public costs per child related to CD exceeded $70000 over a 7-year period.

Conclusions. Public expenditures on youths with CD are substantially larger than for youths with closely related conditions, reflecting the importance of prevention and early treatment for the disorder.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. F. Connor and L. A. Doerfler ADHD With Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder: Discrete or Nondistinct Disruptive Behavior Disorders? J Atten Disord, September 1, 2008; 12(2): 126 - 134. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. J. Koegl, D. P. Farrington, L. K. Augimeri, and D. M. Day Evaluation of a Targeted Cognitive-Behavioral Program for Children with Conduct Problems -- The SNAP(R) Under 12 Outreach Project: Service Intensity, Age and Gender Effects on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, July 1, 2008; 13(3): 419 - 434. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. M. Breitenstein, D. Gross, I. Ordaz, W. Julion, C. Garvey, and A. Ridge Promoting Mental Health in Early Childhood Programs Serving Families From Low-income Neighborhoods Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, November 1, 2007; 13(5): 313 - 320. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. M. Foster, M. M. Porter, T. S. Ayers, D. L. Kaplan, and I. Sandler Estimating the Costs of Preventive Interventions Eval Rev, June 1, 2007; 31(3): 261 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. A. Waschbusch and F. J. Elgar Development and Validation of the Conduct Disorder Rating Scale Assessment, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 65 - 74. [Abstract] [PDF]