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August 2004, Vol 94, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1327-1329
© 2004 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Condom Use and the Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Chronic Pelvic Pain, or Infertility Following an Episode of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Roberta B. Ness, MD, MPH, Hugh Randall, MD, Holly E. Richter, PhD, MD, Jeffrey F. Peipert, MD, MPH, Andrea Montagno, RN, David E. Soper, MD, Richard L. Sweet, MD, Deborah B. Nelson, PhD, Diane Schubeck, MD, Susan L. Hendrix, DO, Debra C. Bass, MS and Kevin E. Kip, PhD for the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Evaluation and Clinical Health Study Investigators

Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Diane Schubeck is with MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Susan L. Hendrix is with Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Roberta B. Ness, MD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, A530 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (e-mail: repro{at}pitt.edu).

Among 684 sexually active women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) followed up for a mean of 35 months, we related contraceptive use to self-reported PID recurrence, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Persistent use of condoms during the study reduced the risk of recurrent PID, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Consistent condom use (about 60% of encounters) at baseline also reduced these risks, after adjustment for confounders, by 30% to 60%. Self-reported persistent and consistent condom use was associated with lower rates of PID sequelae.




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Am J Public Health, August 1, 2004; 94(8): 1298 - 1299.
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