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Chad A. Leaver, MSc, Dan Allman, MSc, Ted Meyers, PhD and Paul J. Veugelers, PhD

At the time of the study, Chad A. Leaver was a student in the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Paul J. Veugelers is with the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University. Ted Myers and Dan Allman are with the HIV, Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Paul J. Veugelers, PhD, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1V7, Canada (e-mail: paul.veugelers{at}dal.ca)

Objectives. We examined the effectiveness of community-level HIV prevention programming for men who have sex with men.

Methods. We used multilevel methods to examine unprotected intercourse by bisexual men (n = 1016) with male and female partners in geographic regions with and without HIV prevention programming.

Results. Men living in geographic regions with HIV prevention programming had significantly less frequent unprotected homosexual intercourse with both casual and regular partners. In contrast, no differences were observed for unprotected heterosexual intercourse.

Conclusions. This study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of community-level HIV prevention programming and the need for its broader implementation. The study also demonstrates the suitability of multilevel methods for examining the effectiveness of community-level public health programs.

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