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July 2004, Vol 94, No. 7 | American Journal of Public Health 1174-1180
© 2004 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Modeling the Effects of Different Infant Feeding Strategies on Infant Survival and Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

Jay S. Ross, PhD and Miriam H. Labbok, MD, MPH

Jay S. Ross is with the Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Miriam H. Labbok was with the Nutrition and Maternal Health Division, Global Bureau, US Agency for International Development (USAID) during preparation of the article. She is currently with the Nutrition Section, UNICEF, New York, NY.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Jay Ross, 31 Macken Rd, RR4, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2L2 Canada (e-mail: jayross{at}aed.org).

Objectives. We investigated how, under various conditions, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding compares with the risk of death from artificial feeding.

Methods. We developed a spreadsheet simulation model to predict HIV-free survival during 7 age intervals from 0 to 24 months for 5 different infant feeding scenarios in resource-poor settings.

Results. Compared with artificial feeding, breastfeeding during the first 6 months by HIV-positive mothers increases HIV-free survival by 32 per 1000 live births. After 6 months, as the age-specific mortality rate and risk of death caused by replacement feeding both decline, replacement feeding appears to be safer.

Conclusions. Under conditions common in countries with high HIV prevalence, replacement feeding by HIV-infected mothers should not be generally encouraged until after the infant is approximately 6 months old.




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