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Carlos A. Monteiro, MD, PhD, Wolney L. Conde, PhD and Barry M. Popkin, PhD

Carlos A. Monteiro and Wolney L. Conde are with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo and the Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, São Paulo, Brazil. Barry M. Popkin is with the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Carlos A. Monteiro, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave Dr Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil (e-mail: carlosam{at}usp.br).

On the basis of 3 comparable population-based surveys conducted in Brazil, we identified clear changes in the relative magnitude of women’s undernutrition and overnutrition. In 1975, there were almost 2 cases of underweight to 1 case of obesity, whereas in 1997, there were more than 2 cases of obesity to 1 case of underweight. In 1997, Brazilian low-income women were significantly more susceptible than high-income women to both underweight and obesity.

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