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Hee-Jin Jun, ScD, S.V. Subramanian, PhD, Steven Gortmaker, PhD and Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD

Hee-Jin Jun is with the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Steven Gortmaker is with the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health and the Health and Prevention Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health. S. V. Subramanian and Ichiro Kawachi are with the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health and the Center for Society and Health, Harvard School of Public Health.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Hee-Jin Jun, Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: nhhjj{at}channing.harvard.edu).

Objectives. We carried out analyses of smoking in relation to poverty and child care responsibility among women aged 18–54 years residing in the United States.

Methods. With data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed the interaction effects of poverty and living with young children on maternal smoking behavior among 61 700 women aged 18–54 years in 4 different racial/ethnic groups.

Results. For non-White racial/ethnic groups, the prevalence of smoking among women with small children in the household was lower than that among women without small children. However, White women were more likely to smoke if they were poor and living with small children (odds ratio=1.14, 95% confidence interval=1.03, 1.26).

Conclusions. These results suggest that child care responsibility confers an increased risk of smoking among low-income White women.

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