AJPH
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (14)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lawlor, D. A
Right arrow Articles by Ebrahim, S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lawlor, D. A
Right arrow Articles by Ebrahim, S.
Related Collections
Right arrow Socioeconomic Factors
Right arrow Other Statistics/Evaluation/Research
Right arrow Women's Health
Right arrow Cardiovascular Disease
December 2004, Vol 94, No. 12 | American Journal of Public Health 2149-2154
© 2004 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Socioeconomic Position and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use: Explaining the Discrepancy in Evidence From Observational and Randomized Controlled Trials

Debbie A Lawlor, PhD, MSc, MBChB, George Davey Smith, DSc, MD and Shah Ebrahim, DM, MSc

The authors are with the Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Debbie A. Lawlor, PhD, MSc, MBChB, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS7 8QA, United Kingdom (email: d.a.lawlor{at}bristol.ac.uk).

Objectives. We assessed the association between life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years.

Results. Women experiencing adverse socioeconomic circumstances across the life course were less likely to have used HRT. The associations of childhood socioeconomic measures with HRT use were independent of adult SEP, behavioral risk factors, and physiological risk factors for heart disease.

Conclusions. SEP from across the life course is associated with HRT use. Because the association between early life SEP and HRT is not fully explained by adult risk factors, residual confounding (which is not captured by adjustment for adult variables only) may explain some of the disparity between observational studies and randomized controlled trials in this area.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 CirculationHome page
P. M. Ho, P. N. Peterson, and F. A. Masoudi
Evaluating the Evidence: Is There a Rigid Hierarchy?
Circulation, October 14, 2008; 118(16): 1675 - 1684.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
N. Ranjit, A. V. Diez-Roux, S. Shea, M. Cushman, H. Ni, and T. Seeman
Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Circulation, November 20, 2007; 116(21): 2383 - 2390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
D. A. Lawlor, N. Timpson, S. Ebrahim, I. N.M. Day, and G. D. Smith
The association of oestrogen receptor {alpha}-haplotypes with cardiovascular risk factors in the British Women's Heart and Health Study
Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2006; 27(13): 1597 - 1604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Public HealthHome page
D. A. Lawlor, G. Ronalds, S. Macintyre, H. Clark, and D. A. Leon
Family Socioeconomic Position at Birth and Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Findings From the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort Study
Am J Public Health, July 1, 2006; 96(7): 1271 - 1277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
J. Kim, S. Evans, L. Smeeth, and S. Pocock
Hormone replacement therapy and acute myocardial infarction: a large observational study exploring the influence of age
Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2006; 35(3): 731 - 738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
B. Galobardes, M. Shaw, D. A Lawlor, J. W Lynch, and G. Davey Smith
Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1)
J Epidemiol Community Health, January 1, 2006; 60(1): 7 - 12.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
G. C. Vachon
Long-term Use of Aspirin and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
JAMA, December 28, 2005; 294(24): 3090 - 3090.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
G D. Batty, D. A Lawlor, S. Macintyre, H. Clark, and D. A Leon
Accuracy of adults' recall of childhood social class: findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study
J Epidemiol Community Health, October 1, 2005; 59(10): 898 - 903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
N. Krieger, I. Lowy, R. Aronowitz, J. Bigby, K. Dickersin, E. Garner, J.-P. Gaudilliere, C. Hinestrosa, R. Hubbard, P. A Johnson, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy, cancer, controversies, and women's health: historical, epidemiological, biological, clinical, and advocacy perspectives
J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2005; 59(9): 740 - 748.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
D. A Lawlor, S. Ebrahim, and G. Davey Smith
Adverse socioeconomic position across the lifecourse increases coronary heart disease risk cumulatively: findings from the British women's heart and health study
J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2005; 59(9): 785 - 793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2004 by the American Public Health Association