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Ann Chao, PhD, Cari J. Connell, MPH, Vilma Cokkinides, PhD, Eric J. Jacobs, PhD, Eugenia E. Calle, PhD and Michael J. Thun, MD

The authors are with the Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Ann Chao, Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329–4251 (e-mail: annchao{at}zamnet.zm).

Objectives. We examined the prevalence of endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) by indication and by demographic and lifestyle factors.

Methods. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected in 1997 from participants aged 50 years and older in the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) II Nutrition Cohort.

Results. Fifty-eight percent of men and 51% of women reported ever having undergone endoscopy; only 42% of men and 31% of women reported endoscopy for screening rather than for disease diagnosis or follow-up. Prevalence varied by demographic and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions. Efforts to increase colorectal cancer screening need to target women, all persons aged 50–64 years, and those with colorectal cancer risk factors. Future studies should distinguish endoscopy for screening from procedures for disease diagnosis and follow-up to avoid overestimating screening compliance.

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