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September 2003, Vol 93, No. 9 | American Journal of Public Health 1527-1533
© 2003 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Public Health Effects of Inadequately Managed Stormwater Runoff

Stephen J. Gaffield, PhD, Robert L. Goo, Lynn A. Richards, MSES, MPA and Richard J. Jackson, MD, MPH

At the time of the study, Stephen J. Gaffield was with the Office of Children’s Health Protection, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Robert L. Goo is with the Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Lynn A. Richards is with the Office of Policy, Economics and Innovation, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Richard J. Jackson is with the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Stephen J. Gaffield, PhD, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Road, Madison, WI 53705-5100 (e-mail: gaffield{at}facstaff.wisc.edu).

Objectives. This study investigated the scale of the public health risk from stormwater runoff caused by urbanization.

Methods. We compiled turbidity data for municipal treated drinking water as an indication of potential risk in selected US cities and compared estimated costs of waterborne disease and preventive measures.

Results. Turbidity levels in other US cities were similar to those linked to illnesses in Milwaukee, Wis, and Philadelphia, Pa. The estimated annual cost of waterborne illness is comparable to the long-term capital investment needed for improved drinking water treatment and stormwater management.

Conclusions. Although additional data on cost and effectiveness are needed, stormwater management to minimize runoff and associated pollution appears to make sense for protecting public health at the least cost.




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International Regional Science Review, April 1, 2005; 28(2): 193 - 216.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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