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September 2003, Vol 93, No. 9 | American Journal of Public Health 1478-1483
© 2003 American Public Health Association

REVIEWING THE EVIDENCE

Walking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence From the San Francisco Bay Area

Robert Cervero, PhD and Michael Duncan, MCP

The authors are with the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Robert Cervero, 228 Wurster Hall, MC 1850, Dept of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1850 (e-mail: robertc{at}uclink4.berkeley.edu).

Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between urban environments and nonmotorized travel.

We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to walking and bicycling, we estimated discrete-choice models. Builtenvironment factors exerted far weaker, although not inconsequential, influences on walking and bicycling than control variables.

Stronger evidence on the importance of urban landscapes in shaping foot and bicycle travel is needed if the urban planning and public health professions are to forge an effective alliance against cardependent sprawl.




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