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Theodore Tsoukalas, PhD and Stanton A. Glantz, PhD

The authors are with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Stanton A. Glantz, PhD, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Box 1390, 530 Parnassas Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390 (e-mail: glantz{at}medicine.ucsf.edu).

Case study methodology was used to investigate the tobacco industry’s strategies to fight local tobacco control efforts in Duluth, Minn.

The industry opposed the clean indoor air ordinance indirectly through allies and front groups and directly in a referendum. Health groups failed to win a strong ordinance because they framed it as a youth issue rather than a workplace issue and failed to engage the industry’s economic claims. Opponents’ overexploitation of weaknesses in the ordinance allowed health advocates to construct a stronger version.

Health advocates should assume that the tobacco industry will oppose all local tobacco control measures indirectly, directly, or both. Clean indoor air ordinances should be framed as workplace safety issues.

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