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Margaret A. Chesney, PhD, Beryl A. Koblin, PhD, Patrick J. Barresi, MPH, Marla J. Husnik, MS, Connie L. Celum, MD, Grant Colfax, MD, Kenneth Mayer, MD, David McKirnan, PhD, Franklyn N. Judson, MD, Yijian Huang, PhD, Thomas J. Coates, PhD and the EXPLORE Study Team

Margaret A. Chesney, Patrick Barresi, and Thomas J. Coates are with the School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Beryl A. Koblin is with the New York Blood Center, New York, NY. Marla J. Husnik and Yijian Huang are with the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash. Connie L. Celum is with the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Grant Colfax is with the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Kenneth Mayer is with the Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, Mass. David McKirnan is with the Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, Ill. Franklyn N. Judson is with Denver Public Health and the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Margaret A. Chesney, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, 2B11, Bethesda, Md 20892 (e-mail: chesneym{at}mail.nih.gov).

Objectives. We describe the intervention tested in EXPLORE, an HIV prevention trial aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM), and test the empirical basis of the individually tailored intervention.

Methods. Data on participants’ self-efficacy, communication skills, social norms, and enjoyment of unprotected anal intercourse were examined in relation to sexual risk. Combinations of these factors, together with alcohol use and noninjection drug use, were also examined.

Results. The individual factors examined were associated with sexual risk behavior. The cohort was shown to be heterogeneous in regard to the presence of combinations of these risk-related factors.

Conclusions. Baseline data from the EXPLORE study support the efficacy of the individually tailored intervention used.

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