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Xinguang Chen, MD, PhD, Guohua Li, MD, DrPh, Jennifer B. Unger, PhD, Xiaowei Liu, MS and C. Anderson Johnson, PhD

At the time of this study, Xinguang Chen was with the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles. Jennifer B. Unger, Xiaowei Liu, and C. Anderson Johnson are with the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine. Guohua Li is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Xinguang Chen, MD, PhD, Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St Antoine Street, Detroit, MI 48201. (e-mail: jimchen{at}med.wayne.edu).

Objectives. We analyzed age, time period, and cohort effects on trends in adolescent cigarette smoking in California from 1990 to 1999.

Methods. Data from subjects aged 12 to 17 years (n = 26 536; 50.4% male) from the California Tobacco Survey and the California Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed, and never smokers were used as the outcome measure.

Results. The proportion of never smokers increased from 60% for males and 66% for females in 1990 to around 70% for both sexes in 1999. Respondents were more likely to be never smokers if born in 1978 or later (i.e., aged 12 years or younger in 1990, when most tobacco control programs started in California).

Conclusions. The statewide antitobacco programs prevented adolescents from starting to smoke, primarily through a cohort effect.

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