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Arch G. Mainous, III, PhD, William J. Hueston, MD, Matthew P. Davis, MD and William S. Pearson, MHA

Arch G. Mainous III, William J. Hueston, and William S. Pearson are with the Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Matthew P. Davis is with the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Arch G. Mainous III, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 295 Calhoun St, PO Box 250192, Charleston, SC 29425 (e-mail: mainouag{at}musc.edu).

Objectives. This study examined antimicrobial prescribing patterns for adults and children with bronchitis or upper respiratory infections (URIs) before and after release of nationally disseminated pediatric practice recommendations.

Methods. Data from the 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to evaluate prescriptions for antimicrobials for URIs and bronchitis.

Results. From 1993 to 1999, the proportion of children receiving antimicrobials after visits for URIs and bronchitis decreased. However, the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials rose from 10.6% of bronchitis visits to 40.5%. Prescriptions of antimicrobials for adults with URIs or bronchitis showed a decrease between 1993 and 1999.

Conclusions. Although antimicrobial prescribing for URIs and bronchitis has decreased for both children and adults, the prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics among children has shown a proportional rise.

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