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Paul A. Buescher, PhD, Stephanie J. Horton, MS, Barbara L. Devaney, PhD, Sarah J. Roholt, MS, RD, Alice J. Lenihan, RD, MPH, J. Timothy Whitmire, PhD and Jonathan B. Kotch, MD, MPH

Paul A. Buescher, Stephanie J. Horton, and J. Timothy Whitmire are with the State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh. Barbara L. Devaney is with Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ. Sarah J. Roholt and Alice J. Lenihan are with the Women’s and Children’s Health Section, North Carolina Division of Public Health. Jonathan B. Kotch is with the Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Paul Buescher, State Center for Health Statistics, 1908 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1908 (e-mail: paul.buescher{at}ncmail.net).

Objectives. We used data from birth certificates, Medicaid, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to examine the relationship of child participation in WIC to Medicaid costs and use of health care services in North Carolina.

Methods. We linked Medicaid enrollment, Medicaid paid claims, and WIC participation files to birth certificates for children born in North Carolina in 1992. We used multiple regression analysis to estimate the effects of WIC participation on the use of health care services and Medicaid costs.

Results. Medicaid-enrolled children participating in the WIC program showed greater use of all types of health care services compared with Medicaid-enrolled children who were not WIC participants.

Conclusions. The health care needs of low-income children who participate in WIC may be better met than those of low-income children not participating in WIC.

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