| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE |
Prabhat Jha is with the World Bank, Washington, DC and the Centre for Health and Development, University of Toronto, Canada. M. Kent Ranson is with the Health Policy Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Son N. Nguyen is with the World Bank, Washington, DC. Derek Yach is with the Non-Communicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Prabhat Jha, MD, DPhil, Centre for Health and Development, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital Research Institute, 30 Bond St, Toronto, Canada, M5B 1W8 (e-mail: prabhat.jha{at}utoronto.ca).
Objectives. We calculated regional and sex- and age-specific smoking prevalence estimates worldwide in 1995.
Methods. Sex-specific smoking prevalence data from studies in 139 countries and age distribution data from 7 studies were analyzed.
Results. Globally, 29% of persons aged 15 years or older were regular smokers in 1995. Four fifths of the world's 1.1 billion smokers lived in low- or middle-income countries. East Asian countries accounted for a disproportionately high percentage (38%) of the world's smokers. Males accounted for four fifths of all smokers, and prevalence among males and females was highest among those aged 30 to 49 years (34%).
Conclusions. Future decades will see dramatic increases in tobacco-attributable deaths in low- and middle-income regions. Although much of this excess mortality can be prevented if smokers stop smoking, quitting remains rare in low- and middle-income countries. (Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1002–1006)
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R Nakkash and K Lee Smuggling as the "key to a combined market": British American Tobacco in Lebanon Tob. Control, October 1, 2008; 17(5): 324 - 331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. D. Flouris, B. E. Faught, and P. Klentrou Cardiovascular disease risk in adolescent smokers: evidence of a `smoker lifestyle' J Child Health Care, September 1, 2008; 12(3): 221 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Jha, B. Jacob, V. Gajalakshmi, P. C. Gupta, N. Dhingra, R. Kumar, D. N. Sinha, R. P. Dikshit, D. K. Parida, R. Kamadod, et al. A Nationally Representative Case-Control Study of Smoking and Death in India N. Engl. J. Med., March 13, 2008; 358(11): 1137 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Grundy A changing paradigm for prevention of cardiovascular disease: emergence of the metabolic syndrome as a multiplex risk factor Eur. Heart J. Suppl., March 1, 2008; 10(suppl_B): B16 - B23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Jha MD DPhil and Z. Chen MD DPhil Poverty and chronic diseases in Asia: challenges and opportunities Can. Med. Assoc. J., October 23, 2007; 177(9): 1059 - 1062. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. W. Petersen, F. Magkos, P. Atherton, A. Selby, K. Smith, M. J. Rennie, B. K. Pedersen, and B. Mittendorfer Smoking impairs muscle protein synthesis and increases the expression of myostatin and MAFbx in muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2007; 293(3): E843 - E848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ng, Y. S. Prabandari, R. S. Padmawati, F. Okah, C K. Haddock, M. Nichter, M. Nichter, M. Muramoto, W. S C Poston, S. A Pyle, et al. Physician assessment of patient smoking in Indonesia: a public health priority Tob. Control, June 1, 2007; 16(3): 190 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Chen, S. Glantz, and E. Tong Asian herbal-tobacco cigarettes: "not medicine but less harmful"? Tob. Control, April 1, 2007; 16(2): e3 - e3. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Gaziano Reducing The Growing Burden Of Cardiovascular Disease In The Developing World Health Aff., January 1, 2007; 26(1): 13 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. Prokhorov, J. P. Winickoff, J. S. Ahluwalia, D. Ossip-Klein, S. Tanski, H. A. Lando, E. T. Moolchan, M. Muramoto, J. D. Klein, M. Weitzman, et al. Youth Tobacco Use: A Global Perspective for Child Health Care Clinicians Pediatrics, September 1, 2006; 118(3): e890 - e903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Ranson Globalizing Tobacco Control: Anti-smoking Campaigns in California, France, and Japan JAMA, July 19, 2006; 296(3): 338 - 339. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A M Dozier, D J Ossip-Klein, S Diaz, N P Chin, E Sierra, Z Quinones, T D Dye, S McIntosh, and L Armstrong Tobacco use in the Dominican Republic: understanding the culture first Tob. Control, June 1, 2006; 15(suppl_1): i30 - i36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Rastogi, P Jha, K S Reddy, D Prabhakaran, D Spiegelman, M J Stampfer, W C Willett, and A Ascherio Bidi and cigarette smoking and risk of acute myocardial infarction among males in urban India Tob. Control, October 1, 2005; 14(5): 356 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ezzati, S. J. Henley, M. J. Thun, and A. D. Lopez Role of Smoking in Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 489 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E K Tong and S A Glantz ARTIST (Asian regional tobacco industry scientist team): Philip Morris' attempt to exert a scientific and regulatory agenda on Asia Tob. Control, December 1, 2004; 13(suppl_2): ii118 - ii124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J R Hughes, S S Hecht, S G Carmella, S E Murphy, and P Callas Smoking behaviour and toxin exposure during six weeks use of a potential reduced exposure product: Omni Tob. Control, June 1, 2004; 13(2): 175 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S V Subramanian, S. Nandy, M. Kelly, D. Gordon, and G. Davey Smith Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey BMJ, April 3, 2004; 328(7443): 801 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Rani, S Bonu, P Jha, S N Nguyen, and L Jamjoum Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey Tob. Control, December 1, 2003; 12(4): e4 - 4. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Lew and S. P. Tanjasiri Slowing the Epidemic of Tobacco Use Among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Am J Public Health, May 1, 2003; 93(5): 764 - 768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Ezzati and A D Lopez Measuring the accumulated hazards of smoking: global and regional estimates for 2000 Tob. Control, March 1, 2003; 12(1): 79 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. C. Pampel Patterns of Tobacco Use in the Early Epidemic Stages: Malawi and Zambia, 2000-2002 Am J Public Health, June 1, 2005; 95(6): 1009 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
