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American Journal of Public Health, Vol 91, Issue 4 625-627, Copyright © 2001 by American Public Health Association

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Discovering unrecognized lead-smelting sites by historical methods

WP Eckel, MB Rabinowitz and GD Foster
Environmental Science-Public Policy Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va., USA. weckel@osf1.gmu.edu

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to enumerate unrecognized former lead smelters in the United States. METHODS: Defunct smelters were identified by historical research. The compiled list was compared with government registries of hazardous sites. Soil samples were taken from 10 sites. RESULTS: Approximately 430 sites were unknown to the federal authorities. Only 5 of 319 sites were known to authorities in the top 8 states. Nine of the 10 sites sampled exceeded residential standards for soil lead level. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 430 former lead-smelting sites were unrecognized in the United States. Sampling results indicate that the sites may pose a threat to public health.


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