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Sofia Gruskin, JD, MIA, Karen Plafker, MA, MSc and Allison Smith-Estelle, MA

Sofia Gruskin is with the Program on International Health and Human Rights, François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Human Rights, and Allison Smith-Estelle is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Karen Plafker is with the Public Health Program, Open Society Institute, New York, NY.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Sophia Gruskin, JD, MIA, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: sgruskin{at}hsph.harvard.edu).

This article examines the utility of a health and human rights framework for conceptualizing and responding to the causes and consequences of substance use among young people. It provides operational definitions of "youth" and "substances," a review of current international and national efforts to address substance use among youths, and an introduction to human rights and the intersection between health and human rights. A methodology for modeling vulnerability in relation to harmful substance use is introduced and contemporary international and national responses are discussed.

When governments uphold their obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights, vulnerability to harmful substance use and its consequences can be reduced.

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