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November 2001, Vol 91, No. 11 | American Journal of Public Health 1847-1850
© 2001 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH

Area-Level Characteristics and Smoking in Women

Marilyn Tseng, PhD, Karin Yeatts, PhD, Robert Millikan, DVM, MPH, PhD and Beth Newman, PhD

Marilyn Tseng is with the Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa. Karin Yeatts and Robert Millikan are with the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Beth Newman is with the Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Marilyn Tseng, PhD, Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 (e-mail: m_tseng{at}fccc.edu).

Objectives. This study examined whether area-level characteristics are associated with individual smoking behavior among women.

Methods. Analyses included 648 women enrolled as control patients in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–1996). Smoking and covariate information was obtained from interviews. Area-level characteristics included census block-group education level, poverty, unemployment, car–home ownership, crowding, and, for 431 women, city-level crime rates.

Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, no area characteristics were clearly associated with a history of smoking. Among those who had ever smoked, continued smoking was associated with living in low-education areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 2.9), highunemployment areas (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.8), and high-crime areas (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.8, 3.2).

Conclusions. The present findings are consistent with a growing literature suggesting that area-level social and economic disadvantage influences individual smoking behavior.




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