American Journal of Public Health, Vol 90, Issue 3 415-419, Copyright © 2000 by American Public Health Association

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. Occupational Exposure and Congenital Malformation Working Group

C Lorente, S Cordier, J Goujard, S Ayme, F Bianchi, E Calzolari, HE De Walle and R Knill-Jones
Inserm U170 Unite de Recherches Epidemiologiques et Statistiques sur l'Environnment et la Sante, Villejuif, France. lorente@vjf.inserm.fr

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between maternal tobacco and alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy and oral clefts. METHODS: Data were derived from a European multicenter case-control study including 161 infants with oral clefts and 1134 control infants. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed an increased risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 3.04) and an increased risk of cleft palate associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 5.09). The former risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence of the possible role of prevalent environmental exposures such as tobacco and alcohol in the etiology of oral clefts.

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