HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Goodman, E Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Goodman, E

The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health.

E Goodman

Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. goode0@chmcc.org

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) gradients exist among US adolescents for self-rated health and for 5 diseases that cause serious adolescent and continuing adult morbidity. METHODS: Baseline data from 15,483 adolescent and parental surveys from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used. SES indicators included parental education and occupation, and household income. Dependent variables included self-rated health and the presence of depression, obesity, asthma, suicide attempt in the past year, and prior sexually transmitted disease. RESULTS: SES gradients were found for self-rated health, depression, and obesity (P < .01). Suicide attempt was linearly associated with income (P < .01). After adjustment for other SES and sociodemographic factors, education and income remained independent correlates of both depression and obesity; income remained an independent correlate of attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in susceptibility to socially mediated etiologic mechanisms of disease may exist during adolescence. Understanding the sociostructural context and patterning of adolescents' lives is crucial to clearly understanding health and disease etiology throughout the course of life.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. R. Warren, P. Carayon, and P. Hoonakker Changes in Health Between Ages 54 and 65: The Role of Job Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status Research on Aging, November 1, 2008; 30(6): 672 - 700. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. K. Kumanyika, E. Obarzanek, N. Stettler, R. Bell, A. E. Field, S. P. Fortmann, B. A. Franklin, M. W. Gillman, C. E. Lewis, W. C. Poston II, et al. Population-Based Prevention of Obesity: The Need for Comprehensive Promotion of Healthful Eating, Physical Activity, and Energy Balance: A Scientific Statement From American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (Formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science) Circulation, July 22, 2008; 118(4): 428 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Finkelstein, E. L. Hill, and R. C. Whitaker School Food Environments and Policies in US Public Schools Pediatrics, July 1, 2008; 122(1): e251 - e259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Woo, L. M. Dolan, A. L. Morrow, S. R. Geraghty, and E. Goodman Breastfeeding Helps Explain Racial and Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Adolescent Adiposity Pediatrics, March 1, 2008; 121(3): e458 - e465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Marin, E. Chen, and G. E. Miller What Do Trajectories of Childhood Socioeconomic Status Tell Us About Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Adolescence? Psychosom Med, February 1, 2008; 70(2): 152 - 159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. Zhang and Y. Wang Using concentration index to study changes in socio-economic inequality of overweight among US adolescents between 1971 and 2002 Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2007; 36(4): 916 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Chen, A. D. Martin, and K. A. Matthews Trajectories of Socioeconomic Status Across Children's Lifetime Predict Health Pediatrics, August 1, 2007; 120(2): e297 - e303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Andersen, B. E. Holstein, and P. Due School-related risk factors for drunkenness among adolescents: risk factors differ between socio-economic groups Eur J Public Health, February 1, 2007; 17(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman, S. R. Daniels, and L. M. Dolan Socioeconomic Disparities in Insulin Resistance: Results From the Princeton School District Study Psychosom Med, January 1, 2007; 69(1): 61 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Faith, B. A. Dennison, L. S. Edmunds, and H. H. Stratton Fruit Juice Intake Predicts Increased Adiposity Gain in Children From Low-Income Families: Weight Status-by-Environment Interaction Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): 2066 - 2075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Frojd, M. Marttunen, M. Pelkonen, B. von der Pahlen, and R. Kaltiala-Heino Perceived financial difficulties and maladjustment outcomes in adolescence Eur J Public Health, October 1, 2006; 16(5): 542 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J. Spencer Social equalization in youth: evidence from a cross-sectional British survey Eur J Public Health, August 1, 2006; 16(4): 368 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. C. Whitaker and S. M. Orzol Obesity Among US Urban Preschool Children: Relationships to Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2006; 160(6): 578 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Lawrence, D. A. Standiford, B. Loots, G. J. Klingensmith, D. E. Williams, A. Ruggiero, A. D. Liese, R. A. Bell, B. E. Waitzfelder, R. E. McKeown, et al. Prevalence and Correlates of Depressed Mood Among Youth With Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): 1348 - 1358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Stevens, M. Seid, and N. Halfon Enrolling Vulnerable, Uninsured but Eligible Children in Public Health Insurance: Association With Health Status and Primary Care Access Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): e751 - e759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Torsheim, C. Currie, W. Boyce, and O. Samdal Country material distribution and adolescents' perceived health: multilevel study of adolescents in 27 countries J. Epidemiol. Community Health, February 1, 2006; 60(2): 156 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L F Salazar, R J DiClemente, G M Wingood, R A Crosby, D L Lang, and K Harrington Biologically confirmed sexually transmitted infection and depressive symptomatology among African-American female adolescents Sex. Transm. Inf., February 1, 2006; 82(1): 55 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Wong, A. Galbraith, S. Kim, and P. W. Newacheck Disparities in the Financial Burden of Children's Healthcare Expenditures Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 2005; 159(11): 1008 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Duncan and D. I. Rees Effect of Smoking on Depressive Symptomatology: A Reexamination of Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2005; 162(5): 461 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman, B. S. McEwen, B. Huang, L. M. Dolan, and N. E. Adler Social Inequalities in Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescence Psychosom Med, January 1, 2005; 67(1): 9 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Taylor, A. Page, S. Morrell, G. Carter, and J. Harrison Socio-economic differentials in mental disorders and suicide attempts in Australia The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2004; 185(6): 486 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R J Hancox, B J Milne, D R Taylor, J M Greene, J O Cowan, E M Flannery, G P Herbison, C R McLachlan, R Poulton, and M R Sears Relationship between socioeconomic status and asthma: a longitudinal cohort study Thorax, May 1, 2004; 59(5): 376 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Haas, L. B. Lee, C. P. Kaplan, D. Sonneborn, K. A. Phillips, and S.-Y. Liang The Association of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health Insurance Status With the Prevalence of Overweight Among Children and Adolescents Am J Public Health, December 1, 2003; 93(12): 2105 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman, G. B. Slap, and B. Huang The Public Health Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Adolescent Depression and Obesity Am J Public Health, November 1, 2003; 93(11): 1844 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P Due, J Lynch, B Holstein, and J Modvig Socioeconomic health inequalities among a nationally representative sample of Danish adolescents: the role of different types of social relations J. Epidemiol. Community Health, September 1, 2003; 57(9): 692 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Elster, J. Jarosik, J. VanGeest, and M. Fleming Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care for Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2003; 157(9): 867 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. S. Soteriades and J. R. DiFranza Parent's Socioeconomic Status, Adolescents' Disposable Income, and Adolescents' Smoking Status in Massachusetts Am J Public Health, July 1, 2003; 93(7): 1155 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Seguin, Q. Xu, L. Potvin, M.-V. Zunzunegui, and K. L. Frohlich Effects of low income on infant health Can. Med. Assoc. J., June 10, 2003; 168(12): 1533 - 1538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Reeher Reform and Remembrance: The Place of the Private Sector in the Future of Health Care Policy Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, April 1, 2003; 28(2-3): 355 - 386. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Mustillo, C. Worthman, A. Erkanli, G. Keeler, A. Angold, and E. J. Costello Obesity and Psychiatric Disorder: Developmental Trajectories Pediatrics, April 1, 2003; 111(4): 851 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Pirkis, C. E. Irwin Jr, C. D. Brindis, M. G. Sawyer, C. Friestad, M. Biehl, and G. C. Patton Receipt of Psychological or Emotional Counseling by Suicidal Adolescents Pediatrics, April 1, 2003; 111(4): e388 - 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman and K. R. Ginsburg Enhancing Their Likelihood for a Positive Future Pediatrics, December 1, 2002; 110(6): 1258 - 1259. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman and R. C. Whitaker A Prospective Study of the Role of Depression in the Development and Persistence of Adolescent Obesity Pediatrics, September 1, 2002; 110(3): 497 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Wardle, K Robb, and F Johnson Assessing socioeconomic status in adolescents: the validity of a home affluence scale J. Epidemiol. Community Health, August 1, 2002; 56(8): 595 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B Starfield, A W Riley, W P Witt, and J Robertson Social class gradients in health during adolescence J. Epidemiol. Community Health, May 1, 2002; 56(5): 354 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman and B. Huang Socioeconomic Status, Depressive Symptoms, and Adolescent Substance Use Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 2002; 156(5): 448 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Slap, E. Goodman, and B. Huang Adoption as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide During Adolescence Pediatrics, August 1, 2001; 108 (2): e30 - e30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman, N. E. Adler, I. Kawachi, A. L. Frazier, B. Huang, and G. A. Colditz Adolescents' Perceptions of Social Status: Development and Evaluation of a New Indicator Pediatrics, August 1, 2001; 108 (2): e31 - e31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman and J. Capitman Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking Among Teens Pediatrics, October 1, 2000; 106(4): 748 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Goodman, B. R. Hinden, and S. Khandelwal Accuracy of Teen and Parental Reports of Obesity and Body Mass Index Pediatrics, July 1, 2000; 106(1): 52 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text]