HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Patton, G C Articles by Bowes, G Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Patton, G C Articles by Bowes, G

Depression, anxiety, and smoking initiation: a prospective study over 3 years.

G C Patton, J B Carlin, C Coffey, R Wolfe, M Hibbert and G Bowes

Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

OBJECTIVES: This report considers the extent to which depression and anxiety predict smoking onset in adolescence. METHODS: A 6-wave cohort design was used to study a sample of 14- and 15-year-old students (n = 2032) drawn from 44 secondary schools in the state of Victoria, Australia. The students were surveyed between 1992 and 1995 with a computerized questionnaire that included a 7-day retrospective diary for tobacco use and a structured psychiatric interview. RESULTS: Experimental smokers were 29 times more likely than non-smokers to make a transition into daily use in the subsequent 6 months. Depression and anxiety, along with peer smoking, predicted initiation of experimental smoking. Specifically, depression and anxiety accentuated risks associated with peer smoking and predicted experimentation only in the presence of peer smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that experimental smoking is an overwhelmingly strong predictor of later daily smoking focuses attention on smoking initiation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with higher risks for initiation through an increased susceptibility to peer smoking influences. Promoting the psychological well-being of adolescents and addressing perceived interpersonal benefits of smoking may play a role in the prevention of adolescent tobacco use.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Campion, K. Checinski, J. Nurse, and A. McNeill Smoking by people with mental illness and benefits of smoke-free mental health services Advan. Psychiatr. Treat., May 1, 2008; 14(3): 217 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Pbert, A. J. Flint, K. E. Fletcher, M. H. Young, S. Druker, and J. R. DiFranza Effect of a Pediatric Practice-Based Smoking Prevention and Cessation Intervention for Adolescents: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): e738 - e747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. L. Tyc Strategies for Tobacco Control Among Youngsters with Cancer J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2007; 32(9): 1067 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. DiFranza, J. A. Savageau, K. Fletcher, L. Pbert, J. O'Loughlin, A. D. McNeill, J. K. Ockene, K. Friedman, J. Hazelton, C. Wood, et al. Susceptibility to Nicotine Dependence: The Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth 2 Study Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): e974 - e983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Walker, D. J. Vidrine, E. R. Gritz, R. J. Larsen, Y. Yan, R. Govindan, and E. B. Fisher Smoking Relapse during the First Year after Treatment for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2006; 15(12): 2370 - 2377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Pechmann and E. T. Reibling Antismoking Advertisements for Youths: An Independent Evaluation of Health, Counter-Industry, and Industry Approaches Am J Public Health, May 1, 2006; 96(5): 906 - 913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Audrain-McGovern, D. Rodriguez, V. Patel, M. S. Faith, K. Rodgers, and J. Cuevas How Do Psychological Factors Influence Adolescent Smoking Progression? The Evidence for Indirect Effects Through Tobacco Advertising Receptivity Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): 1216 - 1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Brook, J. S. Brook, E. Rubenstone, C. Zhang, and C. Gerochi Cigarette Smoking in the Adolescent Children of Drug-Abusing Fathers Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): 1339 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Audrain-McGovern, D. Rodriguez, K. P. Tercyak, G. Neuner, and H. B. Moss The Impact of Self-Control Indices on Peer Smoking and Adolescent Smoking Progression J. Pediatr. Psychol., March 1, 2006; 31(2): 139 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Klungsoyr, J. F. Nygard, T. Sorensen, and I. Sandanger Cigarette Smoking and Incidence of First Depressive Episode: An 11-Year, Population-based Follow-up Study Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2006; 163(5): 421 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Harris, P. Gordon-Larsen, K. Chantala, and J. R. Udry Longitudinal Trends in Race/Ethnic Disparities in Leading Health Indicators From Adolescence to Young Adulthood Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, January 1, 2006; 160(1): 74 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Duncan and D. I. Rees Effect of Smoking on Depressive Symptomatology: A Reexamination of Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2005; 162(5): 461 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lee Ridner, R. R. Staten, and F. W. Danner Smoking and Depressive Symptoms in a College Population The Journal of School Nursing, August 1, 2005; 21(4): 229 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H. Herman and E. Jane-Llopis Mental health promotion in public health Promotion & Education, June 1, 2005; 12(2_suppl): 42 - 47. [PDF]

				R. B Dudas, K. Hans, and K. Barabas Anxiety, depression and smoking in schoolchildren - implications for smoking prevention The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, March 1, 2005; 125(2): 87 - 92. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Rodriguez, H. B. Moss, and J. Audrain-McGovern Developmental Heterogeneity in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Associations With Smoking Behavior Psychosom Med, March 1, 2005; 67(2): 200 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Bond, G. Patton, S. Glover, J. B Carlin, H. Butler, L. Thomas, and G. Bowes The Gatehouse Project: can a multilevel school intervention affect emotional wellbeing and health risk behaviours? J. Epidemiol. Community Health, December 1, 2004; 58(12): 997 - 1003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Burns, L. Cottrell, K. Perkins, R. Pack, B. Stanton, G. Hobbs, L. Hobby, D. Eddy, and A. Hauschka Depressive Symptoms and Health Risk Among Rural Adolescents Pediatrics, May 1, 2004; 113(5): 1313 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Katon, M. Von Korff, P. Ciechanowski, J. Russo, E. Lin, G. Simon, E. Ludman, E. Walker, T. Bush, and B. Young Behavioral and Clinical Factors Associated With Depression Among Individuals With Diabetes Diabetes Care, April 1, 2004; 27(4): 914 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Audrain-McGovern, D. Rodriguez, and H. B. Moss Smoking Progression and Physical Activity Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2003; 12(11): 1121 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Pbert, E. T. Moolchan, M. Muramoto, J. P. Winickoff, S. Curry, H. Lando, D. Ossip-Klein, A. V. Prokhorov, J. DiFranza, and J. D. Klein The State of Office-Based Interventions for Youth Tobacco Use Pediatrics, June 1, 2003; 111(6): e650 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Dierker, S. Avenevoli, M. Stolar, and K.R. Merikangas Smoking and Depression: An Examination of Mechanisms of Comorbidity Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2002; 159(6): 947 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Slap, E. Goodman, and B. Huang Adoption as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide During Adolescence Pediatrics, August 1, 2001; 108 (2): e30 - e30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Committee on Substance Abuse Tobacco's Toll: Implications for the Pediatrician Pediatrics, April 1, 2001; 107(4): 794 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Johnson, P. Cohen, D. S. Pine, D. F. Klein, S. Kasen, and J. S. Brook Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Anxiety Disorders During Adolescence and Early Adulthood JAMA, November 8, 2000; 284(18): 2348 - 2351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Goodman and J. Capitman Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking Among Teens Pediatrics, October 1, 2000; 106(4): 748 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. F. Anda, J. B. Croft, V. J. Felitti, D. Nordenberg, W. H. Giles, D. F. Williamson, and G. A. Giovino Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood JAMA, November 3, 1999; 282(17): 1652 - 1658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]