HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Klonoff, E A Articles by Alcaraz, R Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Klonoff, E A Articles by Alcaraz, R

An experimental analysis of sociocultural variables in sales of cigarettes to minors.

E A Klonoff, H Landrine and R Alcaraz

Behavioral Health Institute, California State University, San Bernardino 92407, USA.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the role of age, racial/ethnic group, and gender, as well as that of other sociocultural variables, in minors' access to tobacco. METHODS: Thirty-six minors attempted to purchase cigarettes once in each of 72 stores (2592 purchase attempts). The minors represented equal numbers of girls and boys; 10-year-olds, 14-year-olds, and 16-year-olds; and Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. Equal numbers of stores were in Black, White, and Latino neighborhoods. RESULTS: Older children were more likely than younger ones to be sold cigarettes, and Latino children were more likely than Whites to be sold cigarettes. Older Black children (irrespective of gender) were the single most likely group to be sold cigarettes. Cigarettes were significantly more likely to be sold to children by male than female clerks and in specific sociocultural contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions with retailers must address sociocultural variables to improve effectiveness in reducing minors' access to tobacco.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Greaves and E. Tungohan Engendering tobacco control: using an international public health treaty to reduce smoking and empower women Tob. Control, June 1, 2007; 16(3): 148 - 150. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Gangeness, T. Evanson, and D. Webb Business Policy Practices That Predict Sales of Tobacco Policy Politics Nursing Practice, November 1, 2006; 7(4): 290 - 296. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. E. Malone, V. B. Yerger, C. McGruder, and E. Froelicher "It's Like Tuskegee in Reverse": A Case Study of Ethical Tensions in Institutional Review Board Review of Community-Based Participatory Research Am J Public Health, November 1, 2006; 96(11): 1914 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Greaves and N. Jategaonkar Tobacco policies and vulnerable girls and women: toward a framework for gender sensitive policy development J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2006; 60(suppl_2): ii57 - ii65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Landrine and E. A. Klonoff Validity of Assessments of Youth Access to Tobacco: The Familiarity Effect Am J Public Health, November 1, 2003; 93(11): 1883 - 1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A H Levinson, S Hendershott, and T E Byers The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes Tob. Control, December 1, 2002; 11(4): 296 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R DiFranza, J. A Savageau, and J. Bouchard Is the standard compliance check protocol a valid measure of the accessibility of tobacco to underage smokers? Tob. Control, September 1, 2001; 10(3): 227 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Landrine, E. A Klonoff, and A. Reina-Patton Minors' access to tobacco before and after the California STAKE Act Tob. Control, June 1, 2000; 9(90002): ii15 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]