HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Tucker, L A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tucker, L A

Use of smokeless tobacco, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia.

L A Tucker

Division of Health Promotion, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which regular use of smokeless tobacco is associated with hypercholesterolemia (greater than or equal to 6.2 mmol/L) among 2,840 adult males. The confounding effects of age, education, physical fitness, body fatness, and other tobacco use were also examined. After adjustment, smokeless tobacco users were 2.5 times, heavy smokers were 2 times and mild/moderate smokers were 1.5 times more likely to have hypercholesterolemia than non-users of tobacco. Cigarette smokers did not differ significantly from users of smokeless tobacco regarding hypercholesterolemia. Users of smokeless tobacco were younger and less educated compared to non-users of tobacco, while smokers were less educated and less physically fit.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. N Lee Circulatory disease and smokeless tobacco in Western populations: a review of the evidence Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2007; 36(4): 789 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Walsh and J. A. Ellison Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence: The Role of the Dental Professional J Dent Educ., May 1, 2005; 69(5): 521 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Gupta, H. Gurm, and J. R. Bartholomew Smokeless Tobacco and Cardiovascular Risk Arch Intern Med, September 27, 2004; 164(17): 1845 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Howard-Pitney and M. A. Winkleby Chewing Tobacco: Who Uses and Who Quits? Findings From NHANES III, 1988-1994 Am J Public Health, February 1, 2002; 92(2): 250 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]