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FIGURE 1—— Sources of policy resistance.

Note. Arrows indicate causation, e.g., our actions alter the environment. Thin arrows show the basic feedback loop through which we seek to bring the state of the system in line with our goals. Policy resistance (thick arrows) arises when we fail to account for the so called "side effects" of our actions, the responses of other agents in the system (and the unanticipated consequences of these), the ways in which experience shapes our goals, and the time delays often present in these feedbacks.